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A keyframe determines the actual value of a parameter, such as location, rotation, color, at a given tick.

Bongo fills in the gaps between the keyframes using tweening. Default tweening between keyframes is usually a reasonably smooth transition, but each keyframe holds information about how the system should calculate the in-between frames.

In Bongo animation, you create the important frames of a sequence, then the software fills in the gap. For example, you can specify, the starting and ending position of an object, such as a circle. Bongo smoothly translates the object from the starting point to the ending point. You can correct the result at any point, shifting keyframes back and forth to improve the timing and dynamics of a movement, or add keyframes to further refine the movement.

 

To add a keyframe

 

1. At the tick on the timeline where you want the keyframe to be located, right-click the timeline, and on the menu that appears, click Add Keyframe.
2. On the sub-menu, click the keyframe type.
   Selected Object(s)
   
   Places an object keyframe at the tick location. An object must be selected before adding the keyframe.
   
   View(s)
   
   Places a view keyframe at the tick location.
   
   - On the menu, click a view name.
   
   Document
   
   Places a document keyframe at the tick location.
   
   Layer(s)
   
   Places a layer keyframe at the tick location.
   
   On the menu, click layer name.
3. Set the keyframe style.
   Empty
   
   Places a keyframe leaving property data blank. Use the Empty option if you only want to manually add data for one particular property.
   
   Precalculated
   
   Places a blank keyframe enabling the properties that are currently animated.
   
   For objects, the current location, rotation, scale, and general information will be recorded as keyframe data. No changes to the object’s properties position will occur. The values are calculated to be the same as the tweened position for that tick, given the currently set tweening information on the adjacent keyframes.

 

To select keyframes

• Click a single keyframe.
• Hold Ctrl and click to add keyframes to the selection.
• Hold Ctrl and click to remove a keyframe from the selection.
• Drag a window around keyframes to select several at once.
• Hold Ctrl and drag a window around keyframes to add multiple keyframes to the selection.
• Hold Ctrl and drag a window around keyframes to remove multiple keyframes from the selection.

 

To move a keyframe

1. Right-click the keyframe marker and click Move.
2. In the Move to dialog box, enter a tick to move the keyframe to.
   
   - Or -

• Drag the keyframe marker to a different position on the timeline.

 

To delete a keyframe

1. Drag the keyframe marker away from the Timeline.
   A trash can icon appears.
2. Release the mouse button to delete the keyframe.
   
   - Or -

• Right-click the keyframe marker and click Delete.

 

To copy a keyframe

1. Right-click the keyframe marker and click Copy.
2. In the Copy to dialog box, enter a tick to copy the keyframe to.
   
   - Or -

• Press the Ctrl key while dragging the keyframe marker to a different position on the timeline.

 

To remove all keyframes

• In the Animation Manager tree, right-click an object, and from the menu, choose Remove keyframes.
  
  - Or -

• From the Bongo menu, choose Utilities, and then choose Remove Keyframes.
  
  - Or -

• Select the object and in the Properties panel, on the Bongo page, click the Remove all keyframes button.

 

To edit a keyframe

1. Right-click the keyframe marker and click Edit Keyframe.
   
   -Or-
   
   Double-click a keyframe.
2. In the Bongo Keyframe Editor, specify settings.

 

 

The Keyframe Editor allows setting and changing every possible parameter stored in a keyframe. The settings displayed depend on the type of entity being animated.

To open the Keyframe Editor

1. Select an object or activate a view.
2. In the Timeline, right-click on an active keyframe and on the menu click Edit Keyframe.
   
   -Or-
   
   Double-click a keyframe.

 

The left panel displays the animated entities in a tree structure. The right panel displays the settings for the selected animated entity at the specified keyframe. The color-coded keyframe numbers are shown at the bottom of the right panel. Selecting an entity in the tree and a keyframe number in the panel displays the properties for that entity at that moment in the animation.

The first item in the Keyframe Editor tree is the name of the current animation. This will be Default until you add animation sets to your model.

 

 

Only show animated parameters

Limits what is shown in the Keyframe Editor to animated parameters only.

 

 

Morphing

Enables morphing transforms.

 

Position X / Y / Z

The object's position at the specified keyframe in x, y, and z-coordinates.

 

Rotate X / Y / Z

The object's rotation angle at the specified keyframe.

 

Scale X / Y / Z

The object's scale at the specified keyframe.

 

 

An expression is a function that determines how a parameter will be calculated from another set of values or inputs.

See: Expressions.

 

 

Object properties and materials can be animated and will be recorded when changed in Animate mode.

 

The following object properties can be animated:

 

Color

Visibility

Object material

Diffuse color

Gloss finish

Glossy color

Transparency

 

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Material Editor Panel.

 

The following light properties can be animated:

 

On

Color

Shadow intensity

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Lights Panel.

 

The following layer properties can be animated:

 

On

 

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Layers Panel.

 

The following sun properties can be animated:

 

Date/Time

Daylight saving minutes

Daylight saving on

Daylight saving time on.

Enabled

Latitude

Longitude

Timezone

The sun's timezone.

 

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Sun Panel.

 

The following basic material properties can be animated:

 

Ambient color

Bitmap Texture Amount

Bitmap Texture Filter On

Bitmap Texture On

Bump Texture Amount

Bump Texture Filter On

Bump Texture On

Color

Emission color

Enable diffuse lighting

Environment Texture Amount

Environment Texture Filter On

Environment Texture On

Flamingo library

Gloss color

Gloss finish

IOR

Reflectivity

Reflectivity color

Transparency

Transparency color

Transparency Texture Amount

Transparency Texture Filter On

Transparency Texture On

 

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Material Editor Panel.

 

 

The following camera parameters can be animated:

 

Lens length

Location

Rotation

Target

Named view

Note: Named view data and the values set by Lens length, Location, Rotation, and Target are mutually exclusive. The values either come from a named view or they come from the separate (Lens length, Location, Rotation, and Target) values.

 

For more information, see the Rhino help topic Viewport Properties Panel.

 

 

Weight

The weight of a keyframe determines how much of the keyframed parameter is applied to the objects.

Multiple constraints cause the object to be affected by several different constraint conditions at the same time. Initially, these constraints will have equal weighting and Bongo will constrain the object evenly between the constraint conditions.

Keyframed positions can also have a weighting in the final position of the object when the object is also constrained, for example, to a curve.

Weighting is useful when an object is multiply constrained. Keyframes can alter the weighting of the constraints at a given tick, moving the object away from or towards constrained conditions during the course of the animation. Any value above zero causes the object to be affected by that constraint. Weights are measured relative to the weights of other constraints. For example, a constraint weighted at 10 will have half the effect of another constraint weighted 20 at the same tick.

Weighting also applies to expressions.

Common uses for weighting and multiple constraints include:

• Creating an animation with several walk-through paths.
• Setting up a camera or object that looks at several objects in turn while moving along a predefined path.

 

See: Tweening.

 

Next article: Render Animation